The Central Nervous System: Clinical Research and AdvancesAbout This Hardback The central nervous system (CNS) refers to that part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for the integration of information and coordination of the activities of all the parts of the body. Retina, optic nerve, cranial nerves and olfactory epithelium are also considered as a part of the CNS. The brain is covered and protected by the skull and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.